Bioluminescence: Shining Light on India’s Illuminating Natural Phenomenon

At some point in our lives, we have all fantasized about starring in our very own Disney movies. The idea of feeling like a prince or princess, surrounded by enchanting pixie dust, fills us with pure delight. It is a beautiful concept, albeit one that exists solely in the realm of fiction…or does it? or You may have visited beaches numerous times and been captivated by their beauty and crystal-clear waters. Perhaps you have even experienced the vibrant atmosphere of Beach parties or simply enjoyed leisurely strolls along the shore at night. However, have you ever witnessed the mesmerizing phenomenon of Glowing Beaches? These Beaches emit a radiant blue light during the nighttime, as if the water itself possesses its own neon illumination. This extraordinary spectacle is known as Bioluminescence, a natural wonder of the ocean. The sea sparkles with a neon blue hue, occasionally transitioning to green or even red. Undoubtedly, this breathtaking sight is one that should be included on everyone’s bucket list.

A common misconception regarding these luminous seas is that people believe the water itself possesses its own colors and lights. However, it is not the water that is glowing, but rather the presence of micro-organisms within it. The term “bioluminescent” can be broken down into two parts: “bio,” meaning living organism, and “luminescence,” referring to light. In the case of Bioluminescence, certain living organisms have the ability to produce their own light. When these organisms are present in the ocean, it gives the illusion that the sea is glowing.

It is important to note that the Bioluminescent sea does not emit a constant glow. Instead, it illuminates when the movement of waves disturbs the micro-organisms. If observed closely, the water tends to emit a radiant glow each time a wave disrupts its rhythm, only to dim once the water becomes calm again. In this way, the ocean can resemble a celestial display, shimmering and sparkling like the stars in the night sky.

 

Bioluminescent Beaches and Wildlife Forest Witness The Glow In The Dark Phenomenon

 

India, a nation characterized by its diverse topography, conceals a wondrous secret that manifests itself post-sunset – Bioluminescent Beaches. These extraordinary natural events, triggered by Bioluminescent organisms present in the sea, give rise to a mesmerizing aqua-colored luminescence that enchants spectators. Let us venture to some of India’s most enchanting Bioluminescent Beaches and Wildlife Forests unravel the scientific marvel that underpins this breathtaking phenomenon.

Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring phenomenon where living organisms emit visible light. This phenomenon has been documented in various texts worldwide for thousands of years. In India, references to Bioluminescence can even be found in ancient texts such as the Ramayana, where the ‘Sanjeevani Plant’ is described as glowing in the dark. Bioluminescence is present in a wide range of organisms, from microorganisms like bacteria to higher organisms like fireflies and fish. People in the past used to think that strange lights in the sky were caused by dragons or gods. Ancient texts from India and China mention fireflies as the source of these mysterious lights. The first mentions of Bioluminescence were linked to fireflies and glow-worms in the writings of Eastern civilizations.

Bioluminescent bacteria utilize this ability to communicate with each other through a process known as quorum sensing. These bacteria belong to three genera: Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Photorhabdus. Vibrio and Photobacterium species are typically found in marine environments, either as free-living organisms or symbiotically associated with marine animals. On the other hand, Photorhabdus species are found in terrestrial environments and are symbiotically associated with insects.

The process of Bioluminescence in bacteria involves the conversion of chemical energy into light energy with the assistance of an enzyme called luciferase, which is regulated by the luxoperon. The reaction catalyzed by luciferase results in the emission of blue-green light with a wave length of 490 nm. This particular color of light is common in bacteria as it can travel long distances in sea water.

Bacterial Bioluminescence has a wide range of applications, including its use in modern biosensors. It is anticipated that in the future, Bioluminescence engineering may replace the need for electrical bulbs, allowing for the production of brighter light in a cost-effective manner.

 

Bioluminescent Beaches in India – Know Everything About Them 

Bangaram Island – Lakshadweep Island 

 

Bangaram Island, located in Lakshadweep Island, is highly sought-after by tourists for its serene and tranquil atmosphere. Visitors flock to this destination to unwind, rejuvenate, and experience a peaceful holiday. The expansive Bangaram Beach offers a plethora of water sports activities, beachside shacks, and dining options, ensuring that tourists are well-entertained and catered to. Moreover, the island is renowned for its vibrant and colorful coral reefs, adding to its allure.

As the sun sets, one can find solace by selecting a perfect spot along the oceanfront and witnessing the enchanting spectacle that unfolds. The water gently splashes against the shore, creating an electrifying Blue light that warmly welcomes observers. It is imperative to remain attentive, as this mesmerizing display of light can emerge unexpectedly from any direction. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of algae and phytoplankton in the water, which are more prominently visible during the night, although they also exist during the daytime. Interestingly, the luminous water can also be attributed to the presence of jellyfish that inhabit the vicinity of the shore.

Furthermore, the sky above Bangaram Beach boasts crystal-clear clarity, making it an ideal location for stargazing enthusiasts. The absence of light pollution allows for an unobstructed view of the celestial wonders above, providing a captivating experience for those who appreciate the beauty of the night sky.

Juhu Beach – Mumbai 

 

In 2016, the occurrence of Bioluminescence at Juhu Beach captured the attention of oceanographic specialists and locals alike. Since then, individuals have remained vigilant, eagerly anticipating the reappearance of this stunning night time spectacle. The Bioluminescent display typically lasts for a few days to a month before disappearing, only to resurface at a later date. This transient nature can be attributed to the movement of light-emitting phytoplankton and algae blooms, which either migrate to different areas of the ocean or perish as their life cycle concludes.

 

Betalbatim Beach – Goa

 

Another spot where you can witness a magical glow is Betalbatim Beach. This Beach is famous for its Bioluminescent phenomenon and breathtaking sunrise/sunset views. With its pristine white sand, Betalbatim Beach is also recognized as one of the cleanest beaches in Goa. If you go for a boat ride or kayaking, you might even spot some playful dolphins in the water. But when night falls, the algae in the water starts to sparkle, creating a mesmerizing sight that lasts for weeks. South Goa, in contrast to North Goa, offers a more tranquil and serene atmosphere at night. You can relax on the beach, feel the gentle waves, and gaze at the moonlit sky. The peaceful experience at Betalbatim Beach will surely leave a lasting impression on your heart.

 Morjim Beach  – Goa 

 

Morjim, a stunning beach in Goa, is famous for its night-time beauty caused by Bioluminescent planktons. The ideal time to see these planktons is from June to September. Visitors can enjoy a peaceful walk along the shore of Morjim to see the amazing Bioluminescent effect. These planktons are harmless to humans, so swimming among them is completely safe. Apart from the Bioluminescent planktons, Morjim Beach is also a nesting site for Olive Ridley Sea Turtle’s. If you visit in late September, you may get to see the Turtle’s laying their eggs.

 

Mattu Beach – Karnataka

 

Mattu Beach in Udupi, Karnataka is famous for its peaceful atmosphere. Recently, it was recognized as one of the Bioluminescent Beaches in the country. The beach has a long shoreline of 30 km. At sunset, the Bioluminescent algae bloom lights up the entire area beautifully. Bioluminescence is a natural phenomenon affected by weather and seasons. In Karnataka, extreme weather conditions can impact the growth of illuminating algae.

During winter, you are more likely to witness Bioluminescence at Mattu Beach. The seawater temperature is ideal for phytoplanktons and dinoflagellates to produce chemicals that make the waves sparkle. These chemicals are harmless flight-or-fight responses by organisms. During the day, enjoy a walk on the warm golden sand while palm trees sway in the wind.

 

Havelock Beach – Andaman and Nicobar Island 

 

Havelock Beach offers Bioluminescent kayaking! It is one of the Bioluminescent Beaches in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands where you can experience kayaking in the glowing waters. Make sure to only go up to a safe distance and when the moonlight and illumination are suitable. The best time to visit Havelock Beach for Bioluminescence is during the winter season, particularly from December to February. The glow usually begins towards the end of November but becomes more noticeable in December. In addition to Phytoplanktons, you may also encounter shining jellyfish and rare corals. The sparkling dots on the water that crash against the pristine white shore are truly enchanting.

 

Varkala Beach – Kerala 

 

Varkala Beach is renowned for its stunning Bioluminescence. The combination of palm trees, clear Blue waters, and golden sand creates a magical atmosphere during the shimmering nights. Additionally, the towering cliffs along the coastline make this Kerala Beach truly unique. However, this phenomenon is not a regular occurrence at Varkala. It mainly happens during the winter months when the colder nights facilitate the growth of algae blooms that cause the glow.

Bioluminescent Wildlife Forests In India – Know Everything About Them 

 

Ahupe village – Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra.

 

Ahupe, a small tribal village in Maharashtra, is located near the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary. During the monsoon, this village witnesses a captivating natural phenomenon known as Bioluminescence. In the rain-soaked forests of the Western Ghats, a fungus called Mycena illuminates the surroundings. This fungus has the unique ability to glow in the dark when there is a significant amount of moisture in the air. It primarily grows on the barks, leaves, and twigs in the forest beds, creating a surreal and extraordinary display of lights.

 

Krang Shuri – Meghalaya

 

A recently discovered species of mushroom called Roridomyces Hyllostachydis has been found in Krang Shuri and Mawlynnong in the West Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. These ‘electric mushrooms’ mushrooms, growing on deceased bamboo, contribute to illuminating the dense forests with a vibrant green glow through Bioluminescence. Thriving in damp and humid environments, these delicate mushrooms are recognized for their stipes that emit light in darkness.

 

Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary – Goa

 

Located in the Swapnagandha Valley of the Western Ghats in Goa, Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for being the habitat of Bengal Tiger’s. Additionally, the sanctuary is known for its dense moist deciduous forests and various evergreen species. One of the fascinating species found there is the mycena mushroom, which emits a glow at night due to Bioluminescence. In the monsoon season, these mushrooms thrive, causing the forests to be illuminated with a greenish-yellow or violet light from their mycelium.

 

Purushwadi –  Maharashtra

 

Purushwadi, a quaint tribal village in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, is an ideal destination for a weekend trip from Mumbai or Pune. This village is renowned for providing a one of a kind and captivating experience, particularly during the monsoon season.

During the months of May and June, Purushwadi hosts a spectacular fireflies festival, where visitors can witness the Bioluminescence of over 2,000 species of fireflies. The rainy weather sets the perfect stage for observing the enchanting sight of these insects lighting up the entire village.

 

Reference 

1. Chatragadda Ramesh, Terrestrial and marine bioluminescent organisms from the Indian subcontinent: a review, Volume 192, Article  number 747, Published: 05 November 2020.
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3. Harvey E.N. (1957),  A history of luminescence from the earliest times until 1900,vol 44, The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, pp – 20-22.
4. Jain Neha, Mysterious new bioluminescent mushroom glows in the forests of Meghalaya, published by Mongabay India on 18th November 2020.
5. MENON ANASUYA,Bioluminescent nights in Kerala’s Kumbalangi,15 March 2023.
6. PANHALE DHIRAJ, Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bioluminescent Bacteria from Different Beaches of India, Department of Bio and NanoTechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125 001 (Haryana), India, 11th July 2020, pp – 27 -28.
7. Parvathi A, Madhu NV, Vishal CR and Balachandran KK, Bioluminescence in the Sea,OCEAN DIGEST, Quarterly Newsletter of the Ocean Society of India, Volume 6, Issue 1,ISSN 2394-1928, Published On December 2019, pp – 5-9.
8. THURSD, Unbelievable Places in India That Glow in the Dark, 12 August 2021. Photos Collected.